Hubungan Perilaku Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Status Gizi Anak Down Syndrome di SLB Surabaya
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Dinanty Anugrah Rahardiani
Fitriana Nugraheni
Anak dengan Down syndrome (DS) memiliki karakteristik metabolik dan fisiologis yang dapat memicu perilaku makan tidak biasa serta keterbatasan fisik yang berdampak pada penurunan aktivitas harian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi pada anak dengan DS di SLB di Surabaya. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional ini melibatkan 36 anak DS yang dipilih melalui teknik consecutive sampling. Perilaku makan diukur menggunakan kuesioner Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) dan Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Data dikumpulkan dengan metode proxy melalui pengisian mandiri oleh orang tua. Status gizi diukur berdasarkan berat badan dan tinggi badan yang dikategorikan menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh menurut Umur (IMT/U) CDC Growth Chart 2000. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman-rho. Sebanyak 25 anak (69,4%) memiliki perilaku food approach dan 11 anak (30,6%) food avoidance. Sebanyak 34 anak (94,4%) memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah dan 2 anak (5,6%) aktivitas sedang. Sebanyak 21 anak (58,3%) memiliki gizi normal, 8 anak gizi kurang (22,2%), dan 7 anak gizi lebih (19,4%). Perilaku makan (p=0,521) dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,387) tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi. Distribusi status gizi didominasi gizi normal pada kelompok food approach (60%) maupun aktivitas rendah (61,8%). Perilaku makan dan aktivitas fisik tidak menentukan status gizi anak DS, sehingga diperlukan eksplorasi faktor lainnya.
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